Self-adaptive software evaluates its own behavior and changes its behavior when the evaluation indicates that the software does not accomplish what it is intended to do or when better functionality or better performance is possible. The self-adaptive approach in software engineering builds on well-known features like the use of errors and the handling of exceptions in languages like Lisp or Java and aims at improving the robustness of software systems by gradually adding new features of self-adaption and autonomity.
This book originates from the First International Workshop on...

The Erewash Valley line, linking the busy railway junctions at Trent through the once bustling yards of the iconic railway location of Toton and to the main line at Clay Cross, has seen much in the way of change over the last half a century. Infrastructure, traffic types, wagon and locomotive classes have all seen a mixture of rationalisation, overhaul, replacement, withdrawal and investment. This changing scene has provided enthusiasts and photographers with outstanding variety and opportunities to record the changing times, and while the amount of traffic lost can be lamented, the...