Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) are gaining growing interest because of their suitability for mission-critical applications that require autonomous and intelligent interaction with the environment. Hazardous application environments make actors susceptible to physical damage. Failure of a critical (i.e. cut-vertex) actor partitions the inter-actor network into disjointed segments while leaving a coverage hole. Maintaining inter-actor connectivity and coverage is extremely crucial in most applications of WSANs where actors have to quickly plan an optimal coordinated response to...

Production of Bio-diesel from non edible oily plant possesses a huge potential for the production of alternative resources of energy. Pakistan and other developing countries would require such kind of efforts to produce bio fuel from oily plants. Bio diesel production is a process which is completed in various steps like extraction of oil, transesterification by basic treatment, Washing with certain salts. Glycerine is a by product which can be used in soap and drug industry. This book deals with production of bio diesel from castor bean oil. This book also possesses Gas Chromatic analysis of...

The main objective of this research project was the production of laccase under optimum conditions, its partial purification and the effect of UV mutagenesis in Neurospora sitophila for hyper production of laccase. The temperature and pH of the incubation were 28 oC and 5.5 respectively. Growth medium employed to culture the Neurospora sitophila for the production of laccase was optimized through various experiments. The fermentation conditions like incubation period, moisture level, inoculum size, yeast extract and tween-20 were optimized. It was observed that the addition of yeast extract...

Ce livre représente les déterminants de la prime d'équité au niveau de l'entreprise dans le contexte de la bourse du Pakistan. La prime d'émission est considérée comme l'un des facteurs les plus importants dans la littérature financière. L'information sur la prime d'équité est une statistique significative pour la distribution utile et l'évaluation des ressources en capital. La prime d'équité peut être utilisée pour évaluer le coût des capitaux propres ainsi que pour le calcul du rendement attendu d'un investissement. L'étude explore la prime d'équité et ses déterminants...

Dieses Buch stellt die Determinanten der Aktienprämie auf Unternehmensebene im Kontext der pakistanischen Börse dar. Die Aktienprämie wird in der Finanzliteratur als einer der wichtigsten Faktoren angesehen. Die Information über die Eigenkapitalprämie ist eine wichtige Kennzahl für die sinnvolle Verteilung und Bewertung von Kapitalressourcen. Die Aktienprämie kann sowohl zur Bewertung der Eigenkapitalkosten als auch zur Berechnung der erwarteten Rendite einer Investition verwendet werden. Die Studie untersucht die Eigenkapitalprämie und ihre Determinanten im Kontext des pakistanischen...