This paper is one of a series in which the ideas of category theory are applied to problems of system theory. As with the three principal earlier papers, [1-3], the emphasis is on study of the realization problem, or the problem of associating with an input-output description of a system an internal description with something analogous to a state-space. In this paper, several sorts of machines will be discussed, which arrange themselves in the following hierarchy: Input process Machine Output process (Tree automaton) Machine ~ ~ State-behavior Machine I Adjoint Machine .(Sequential Machine)...

This report guides the architect and specifier for calculating U-values by: -indicating the methods of calculation appropriate for different construction elements: roofs, walls, floors, basements, windows and doors -providing further information about using the methods -providing data relevant to typical UK constructions Particular guidance is given on thermal conductivity of materials, and on various issues commonly arising when calculating U-values and how they apply to different construction types. This 2006 edition of the guide is fully updated in line with Part L of the Building...