Animal cell culture is a common laboratory technique for maintaining live cells separated from their original tissue (primary cells) or immortal cells (cell lines). The technique of cell culture was discovered in the 19th century after the discovery of the microscope.

Presently, the culture of cells is one of the most important tools of life sciences research and is being used by investigators to understand advanced understanding of cell growth and differentiation and mechanisms of normal/ abnormal functioning of various cells. In addition to that, cell culture is employed in the...

Biological fluids such as blood, milk, fine needle aspirates, urine, and saliva from livestock play a critical role in veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, and agricultural research. These fluids serve as non-invasive or minimally invasive sources of valuable diagnostic information, enabling the monitoring of animal health, disease detection, and the assessment of physiological and metabolic states. Blood, the most widely studied fluid, provides insights into an animal overall health, immune status, and the presence of infections or metabolic disorders. Milk, particularly in dairy cattle,...