Christian Socialism arose in England in the mid-nineteenth century as a response to the philosophy of 'political economy'. Seeking a reform of the moral underpinnings of society, not simply institutional change or nationalisation, it refuted the assumption that people are essentially selfish, competitive individuals seeking nothing but personal happiness. Although they did not deny the presence of selfishness, its proponents believed that the social nature of humankind lies deeper than such egotism and conflict, and pursued a society built on this belief. Less prominent now ...