The uprisings of 2011 have radically altered the political, economic, and social landscapes of the Middle East and North Africa. A clearer view of the recent past now provides greater perspectives on the causes and the consequences of these events. This collection of essays challenges the common tendency of applying the dominant frame of "Arab Spring" to explain contemporary politics of the Middle East. Numerous debates about the utility of the "Arab Spring" metaphor already exist, contesting such issues as its foreign origins or its temporal and optimistic implications. It further has the...