In managing the growing number of refugees arriving in the industrialized world, States have devised increasingly restrictive policies since the end of the 1970s in order to restrict access to the territory or, at least, to asylum procedures. Thus, while international co-operation in the refugee field traditionally focused on protection and assistance, the last two decades have been characterized by the emergence of transnational policies aimed at containing refugee flows, primarily on the European continent. The convoluted refugee routes - often described as 'secondary' or 'irregular'...
In managing the growing number of refugees arriving in the industrialized world, States have devised increasingly restrictive policies since the end o...
