Addiction is a significant health and social problem and one of the largest preventable causes of disease globally. Neuroscience promises to revolutionise our ability to treat addiction, lead to recognition of addiction as a 'real' disorder in need of medical treatment and thereby reduce stigma and discrimination. However, neuroscience raises numerous social and ethical challenges: If addicted individuals are suffering from a brain disease that drives them to drug use, should we mandate treatment? Does addiction impair an individual's ability to consent to research or treatment? How will...