Theodosius II (AD 408 450) was the longest reigning Roman emperor. Ever since Edward Gibbon, he has been dismissed as mediocre and ineffectual. Yet Theodosius ruled an empire which retained its integrity while the West was broken up by barbarian invasions. This book explores Theodosius' challenges and successes. Ten essays by leading scholars of late antiquity provide important new insights into the court at Constantinople, the literary and cultural vitality of the reign, and the presentation of imperial piety and power. Much attention has been directed towards the changes promoted by...

Seeking to change our notions of Attila, and perhaps of what it means to be 'civilized', Christopher Kelly goes in search of the real Attila the Hun, revealing the history of an astute politician and first-rate military commander who brilliantly exploited the strengths and weaknesses of the Roman Empire.