This book presents the discoveries made during nearly three decades of research on the parental shield bug,Parastrachia japonensisinhabiting Kyushu Island, Japan.P. japonensishas evolved a unique and fascinating life history, characterized by extreme behavioral and physiological adaptations that have culminated in a singularly dependent relationship with its lone host tree,Schoepfia jasminodora(Olacaceae), which is a generally scarce and unreliable resource.It is expected that the evolution of parental care behaviors in the strictly semelparousP. japonensiswas more directly influenced by the...