Despite the large U.S. investment in health science, and the vast and growing body of peer-reviewed research findings it has produced, a compelling body of evidence suggests that research too often has been slow, inefficient, and fallen short of desired impacts on health. A key question is how research might be changed to be more innovative, less wasteful, and more responsive to unmet health needs.One emerging response within clinical and translational science is to advance an approach that attempts to close the gap between research scientists and key stakeholders; the individuals and groups...