‘Foundations’ reviews prior work in Portuguese phonology. The Portuguese (morpho)phonemic inventory illustrates its markedness approach. A 156 phoneme database demonstrates markedness in phonemes worldwide. Reviewing analyses of specific Portuguese segments, it proposes a phonemic inventory: 7 vowels, 18 consonants. The volume refines an analysis of Portuguese stress and reviews 2 acoustic studies thereof. It rejects rhythmic waves and syllable weight to determine degrees of tonicity. An algorithm divides strings of segments into syllables. The study also catalogues syllable onsets and...