What did citizenship mean to Americans during the Civil War? At its most simple, it was a legal status acquired through birth or naturalization, and a status that offered certain rights in exchange for specific obligations. Yet throughout the Civil War era, the deeper meanings of citizenship were in flux. The very boundaries of the citizenry were unclear. Americans also disagreed over the specific nature of citizens' rights and obligations: whether political privileges were most important, or economic opportunity, or cultural belonging, or perhaps all three. Together, the contributors to...