Accurately measuring consumption of foods, drinks and supplements is an important first step in estimating nutrient intakes. While it can be fraught with challenges, assessing dietary intake is a critical element of surveillance, epidemiological, clinical, and intervention research. This collection of papers demonstrates that dietary assessment research is a lively area of inquiry. Central themes include advances in the use of technologic innovation and biomarkers to enhance measures of diet, as well as assessment of dietary patterns and diet quality among populations.