This is not a study of mass killings or mass shootings, but rather a study of a specific type of shooting situation law enforcement and the public may face. Incidents identified in this study do not encompass all gun-related situations; therefore caution should be taken when using this information without placing it in context. Specifically, shootings that resulted from gang or drug violence-pervasive, long-tracked, criminal acts that could also affect the public-were not included in this study. In addition, other gun-related shootings were not included when those incidents appeared generally...