Hydropower helps stabilize fluctuations between demand and supply; with the increase in shares of wind and photovoltaic energy, this role will become more important. This book presents a systematic approach to mathematical modeling of different configurations of hydropower plants, their simulation studies, and performance of controlled systems. It offers a focused critical insight into new trends for hydropower operation and control and addresses the fundamentals and latest concepts, providing the most appropriate solutions for cost-effective and reliable operation.