BMP proteins, also referred as and Growth and Differentiation Factors, are members of TGF-beta superfamily and are highly conserved from fruit fly to mammals and responsible for the formation of essentially every organ during embryo development and involved in adult tissue injury and repair. BMPs establish their extracellular gradient by interacting with their respective antagonists and regulate their function through SMAD-dependent down-stream signaling effector genes. This book focuses on the salient features of BMPs biology and the advances in their structure and function and in downstream...