This concise reference clarifies the gray areas between traumatic brain injury and PTSD while providing an empirically sound framework for neuropsychological evaluation and differential diagnosis. Its extended research review summarizes findings on key topics including the neuroanatomy of brain injury, test battery design and selection, and the salience of accurate diagnosis to ensuring appropriate specialized treatment. The authors offer the possibility of combined diagnosis as well as injuries that may fall through the diagnostic cracks, and consider possible relationships between TBI,...