In 1766, the Moroccan ambassador A mad ibn al-Mahd al-Ghazz l embarked on an unprecedented visit to Spain during a time of eased tensions between the two countries. The sultan Sidi Mu ammad ibn Abdallah wanted the return of Muslim prisoners and sacred Islamic texts, while the Spanish king hoped to improve trade and security across the Strait of Gibraltar. With royal welcome and escort, al-Ghazz l traveled for several months in order to meet with Carlos III at his summer palace north of Madrid. There they negotiated a historic treaty, and then the Moroccan ambassador made his way back to...