Counsel was a fundamental element of the theoretical framework and practical workings of medieval and early modern government. Good rule was to be ensured by governors hearing wise advisers. This process of counsel assumed particular importance in England and Scotland between the 14th and 17th centuries because of the close adherence to ideas of the common good, commonweal, and community in this period.

Yet, major changes in who gave counsel and how it operated were emerging. This volume identifies both the patterns and the moments of change while also recognizing continuities. It...