This book offers a holistic practitioner and research-based perspective on English Language Teaching and teacher education in difficult circumstances. While extending the current conceptualization of 'difficult circumstances' in ELT to include the broader policy issues that may affect ELT in low-to-mid income countries, the book focuses on the challenges faced by practitioners and learners in contexts of confinement, conflict and special education. This edited collection examines the challenges and problems that emerge from the complex current ELT environment, and presents examples of...