In her late work -Paths toward a Science of Welfare and Care- Ilse Arlt (1876 - 1960), the Austrian pioneer of scientific social work, summarizes the central points of her theory of social-welfare-oriented, individualized social work, which is anchored in poverty and wellbeing reseach. According to Arlt help can turn into self-help only if the helper strengthens the capacity of the individual to make their own decisions and consume creatively. Therefore, the concept of -creative consuming- is a major aspect of her needs-based theory. Maria Maiss teaches history, theories and ethics of social...