This book gathers the proceedings of the plenary sessions, invited lectures, and papers presented at the International Conference on Recent Trends in Materials Science and Applications (ICIMSA-2016). It also features revealing presentations on various aspects of Materials Science, such as nanomaterials, thin film techniques, crystal growth, spectroscopic procedures, fabrication and characterisation of new materials / compounds with enhanced features, and potential applications in solar power generation, anti-microbial activity, diagnosis and treatment of cancer, drug release, etc....