Over the past 70 years, the American university has become the global gold standard of excellence in research and graduate education. The unprecedented surge of federal research support of the post-World War II American university paralleled the steady strengthening of the American academic profession itself, which managed to attract the best and brightest educators from around the world while expanding the influence of the -faculty factor- throughout the academic realm. But in the past two decades, escalating costs and intensifying demands for efficiency have resulted in a wholesale...