Based on lectures given at an advanced course on integrable systems at the Centre de Recerca Matematica in Barcelona, these lecture notes address three major aspects of integrable systems: obstructions to integrability from differential Galois theory; the description of singularities of integrable systems on the basis of their relation to bi-Hamiltonian systems; and the generalization of integrable systems to the non-Hamiltonian settings. All three sections were written by top experts in their respective fields.

Native to actual problem-solving challenges in mechanics, the...