Linear A Decipherment cracks the code of the written language of Minoan Crete. The breakthrough came from recognizing a single word, tulos, meaning 'comes to' in Finnish at the end of a list of accounting figures. Because of all the work done in a similar script called Linear B, the complete decipherment of the basic syllabary was accomplished in one evening. The details, however, took three years because of having to learn how to read a syllabary and simultaneously constructing a matching dictionary with tens of thousands of words. As everyone hoped, the translations led to the...

For the first time, Decipherment of Pictish Ogham translates Pictish Ogham, an alphabetic script derived from Irish Ogham. These texts add life and meaning to lavish Symbol Stones recovered from grave sites throughout Scotland, whose ogham inscriptions describe an aspect of the deceased. Pictish inscriptions do not follow the Latin formula 'XXX son of YYY'; instead they sound like quotations or ruminations from someone at the funeral or preparing for the funeral. They can be lauditory or deprecating, expecially if the deceased was responsible for losing a battle. The breakthrough to...

For the first time, Old European Decipherment cracks the code of the oldest of all writing systems that Marija Gimbutas called Old European. She traced it back 35,000 years, while new finds extend that to 400,000 years and possibly 600,000. In all that time, the writing never changed. Decipherment was made by possible by analyzing two hundred bilingual inscriptions called Owner's Marks that employ the same syllabary. The result is a stunning tour around the world of what our ancestors thought about - disease, sex, death, marriage, hunting, inheritance. It provides a rock-solid syllabary and...

For the first time, four lyrical poems from Elam are deciphered. Until conquered by Sargon of Akkad around 2000 BC, Elamites spoke Finnish and wrote with a script very close to Old European. Two scribes were men, two were women. Three are about death and one about marriage, that of the Silver Cup from Elam. It is a wedding present to Narunte, Goddess of Victory, on the eve of her marriage to Sargon of Akkad. While she lived, Akkad and Elam were at peace.