The aim of this study is characterization of the icon materials using different spectroscopic methods to give information about the identity of icons, assessment the state of icons, and evaluation the effect of environmental conditions. This book is based on a literature review and experimental work. A collection of eleven icons were included within the study. Different spectroscopic methods have been used during the study such as Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy...