Among all different types of nanoparticles used in nanomedicine, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are the most investigated, because of their exceptional biocompatibility, unique optical properties and tremendous potential for various treatments that require a personalized approach. In this book, we analyzed various classical and green synthesis methods of GNPs that allow the control of shape, size and physical properties of these nanoparticles. Since non-toxic GNPs are a prerequisite for many biomedical applications, an integrated approach of biodistribution and cytotoxicity of GNPs as well as...