Recent debt crises and consequent dislocations and distress in the underdeveloped world have shown that the development strategies of the last forty years were misconceived. No underdeveloped country during this period could become an industrially advanced country, despite the development schemes orchestrated by the World Bank. This results from the fact that mainstream economic theory ignores international and national constraints and their interactions with the dynamics of technological transformation. This book develops a completely articulated theory of economic interconnections to deal...