This book is an attempt to address heavy metal contamination via discharge of effluents from tanning industries posing serious environmental threats in Pakistan. Various physicochemical parameters of the effluent have been analyzed along with isolation and characterization of indigenous bacterial isolates. The genetic variability and tolerance to various metal salts revealed potential applications of isolates for biotransformation of metal pollutants. This book will provide readers with useful information about the situation of pollution in developing countries. It is worth reading the book.