Crop residues are receiving considerable attention due to scarcity of green fodder. Efficient utilization of these crop residues by ruminants is hardly possible because these are high in fiber and low in protein. Thus, effective and economical source of energy and nitrogen are needed to supplement low quality roughage for ruminants. Oil seed meals and cereal grains are effective supplements, but are expensive to afford for a low-medium level farmer. Moreover, there is very limited scope for increasing the area under fodder cultivation. Therefore, animal excreta or dung or manure have been...