Metals are vital to human but it can be toxic at higher levels, even if some elements are toxic at trace levels such as Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr, etc. In the present study, the site was divided to three categories such as mining, industrial and residential area. Mining area comprises the zone where exclusively sand beach mining and associated operations were carried out. The physical and chemical processing of separated beach sand and production of thorium operations were included in the industrial area and the population centre around the facility was assumed as the residential area.

Toxic air pollutants, also known as hazardous air pollutants, are those pollutants that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or adverse environmental effects. EPA is working with state, local, and tribal governments to reduce air toxics releases of 188 pollutants to the environment. People exposed to toxic air pollutants at sufficient concentrations and durations may have an increased chance of getting cancer or experiencing other serious health effects. These health effects can include damage to the immune...