Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a widely chronic endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes (larval stage) of the tapeworm Echinococcus (E) granulosus, is one of the most widespread helminth zoonotic diseases in humans. Hydatidosis is a public health problem in many parts of the world, and improvement in diagnosis of the disease is still being pursued.This study aimed to evaluate sandwich ELISA and dot ELISA for diagnosis of human cyctic echinococcosis by the detection of circulating crude protoscolex antigen (CPA) in serum samples collected from highly endemic areas in...

Giardia duodenalis (synonyms G. lamblia or G. intestinalis), the only species belonging to the genus Giardia found in humans, is a pathogenic protozoan with a worldwide distribution having a more relevant prevalence in warm climate and in children. G. duodinalis is a water-borne flagellated parasite that causes giardiasis in humans. In addition, giardiasis affects domestic and wild mammals "e.g., cats, dogs, cattle, deer, and beavers").In the diagnosis of Giardia, stool examination is the traditional, safest and easiest method. Microscopy of Giardia cysts and trophozoites is more...

Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by parasitic worms. Over 207 million people require treatment for schistosomiasis yearly.The number of people treated for schistosomiasis raise from 12.4 million in 2006 to 33.5 million in 2010. People are at risk of infection due to agricultural, domestic and recreational activities which expose them to infected water. Hygiene and play habits make children especially vulnerable to infection. Clean drinking water and adequate sanitation would reduce infective water contact and the contamination of water sources. Prevention and control of...