The history of imperialism in China is a complex, contentious history. In modern times, China s experience with imperialism has entailed two parallel stories during the 19th and 20th centuries stories that are different in their geographic location, in their motivations, and in their outcomes. The facet of imperialism that has received the most attention is that of aggression against China by capitalist nations, culminating in the Japanese invasion of the 1930s. This story evolved in a low-key way before the 19th century, but then entered a more aggressive phase with military action by the...