2017 Reprint of 1919 Edition. “Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution” is a 1902 work by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. Kropotkin explores the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or "mutual aid") in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centered theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest....
2017 Reprint of 1919 Edition. “Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution” is a 1902 work by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin...
Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin 1842 - February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, scientist, and philosopher, who advocated anarchism. Born into an aristocratic land-owning family, he attended a military school and later served as an officer in Siberia, where he participated in several geological expeditions. He was imprisoned for his activism in 1874 and managed to escape two years later. He spent the next 41 years in exile in Switzerland, France (where he was imprisoned for almost 4 years) and in England. He returned to Russia after the Russian Revolution in 1917 but was disappointed by...
Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin 1842 - February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, scientist, and philosopher, who advocated anarchism. Born into an ...
