Over the years there have been many changes in the cosmetics industry, but none more far-reaching and profound than the "greening" of cosmetics. The concept has been embraced by consumers and marketing professionals throughout the industry, despite the fact that an exact definition is elusive. Innovative ingredients from time-tested natural sources await commercialization in nutritional and topical products for an inside-outside strategy. This book focused on the potential of herbal extracts for development of "cosmeceuticals" with an attempt to give scientific account for use of herbal...

Flow separation and subsequent reattachment exert an important influence on the mechanism of heat transfer. In some cases, they have a harmful effect such as uneven heat loading in thermal equipment, but in others, they produce a beneficial effect like heat transfer enhancement point. Thus, in engineering practice, it is quite essential to understand the basic mechanism of heat transfer in separating and reattaching flows. A backward-facing step is one of the most fundamental geometries where the flow separation and reattachment occur. Flow past a backward-facing step has a variety of...