Deep-sea exploration applications like debris removal, pipeline inspection, surveys, telecommunications support, research, maintenance, there must be need of some technology which can venture down without any constraints. Underwater robots technology is the best solution to this because robots do not have to breathe like a human being. But there are problems in case of underwater robots and One of the major problems is trajectory control of the link.

Flow through sudden expansion is a very interesting and demanding research area for researchers and scientists these days. A flow through sudden expansion configuration consists of many rich features such as formation of recirculating bubbles, flow separation and reattachment etc. that attract the interest of researchers. In sudden expansion recirculating eddy is formed due to the flow separation at the expansion plane followed by its reattachment at the solid wall. The pressure distribution, velocity distribution and other important flow parameters are significantly influenced by the...

Flow separation and subsequent reattachment exert an important influence on the mechanism of heat transfer. In some cases, they have a harmful effect such as uneven heat loading in thermal equipment, but in others, they produce a beneficial effect like heat transfer enhancement point. Thus, in engineering practice, it is quite essential to understand the basic mechanism of heat transfer in separating and reattaching flows. A backward-facing step is one of the most fundamental geometries where the flow separation and reattachment occur. Flow past a backward-facing step has a variety of...