This book is based on Brandon Kenji Shigematsu's doctoral research at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Shigematsu's study investigates the phenomena of second language (L2) inner voice for three Japanese-American bilinguals who had long-term exposure to English, their L2, in naturalistic contexts, by living and working or studying in the U.S. The study also includes two American English-speaking learners of Japanese, as their L2; one of them had naturalistic exposure to his L2 when living and working in Japan, the other is married to a Japanese national and has traveled to Japan. Based on...