Temporal dynamics and how they impact upon various components of information retrieval (IR) systems have received a lot of attention in the last decade. In particular, the study of relevance in information retrieval can now be framed within the so-called temporal IR approaches, which explain how user behavior, document content, and scale vary with time, and how we can use them in our favor in order to improve retrieval effectiveness. Temporal Information Retrieval provides a comprehensive overview of temporal IR approaches, centered on the following questions: what are temporal dynamics, why...