Baby boom and population aging are the main features of the world population that are leading to child and elderly people in the labor force. Categorizing the world into low and high-income countries, the baby boom and child labor can be found in low-income countries, while population aging and elderly people in the labor force can be found in high-income countries. Health expenditures is one of the main factors that is associated with undesired trends of population and labor force through the high correlation with the rates of fertility, birth, death, and mortality. Population and labor...