Sunlight is the best form of energy. Life on earth is not possible without sun. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy. Solar Cell is the important device which can convert solar energy into electrical energy Solar energy is also useful in thermal form. Pakistan lies in the range of solar belt. All other countries where sunshine is less than three hours per day needs more energy sources. We need to develop low cost, durable and high efficiency Solar Cells

This project is concerned with preparation and characterization of thin films of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials and then their testing in devices to be used in various electronic applications. The objective of the research on ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials is intended towards developing new materials for the memory devices so that their storage capacity can be enhanced. Ferroelectrics has ability to change mechanical energy to electrical energy and vice versa. This finds their application in transducer application. They possess high dielectric permittivity finding...