Microbiology is actually a fascinating world of microorganism, which can be present in almost every nook and cranny one can think. They are present every where in biosphere from deepest oceans to 20 miles above earths surface and from hot water springs to glaciers. Microorganisms can also survive in huge range of foods and synthetic materials including plastic sheets, metals and toxic materials. As microbes have unique cellular structures, physiology and genomic variability, so they can easily grow in an artificial environment. Fomites are inanimate objects that are capable of absorbing,...

Cotton being a cash crop contributes significantly to foreign exchange earnings.Presently cotton crop is threatened by the attack of insects and viruses like whitely and cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV). To overcome this problem different genetic engineering techniques are being adopted. Among them RNA interference based resistance has proven to be reliable approach. RNA interference is a complex and conserved mechanism utilized by plants and other eukaryotes to protect themselves. The use of RNA interference provides environmental friendly approach to generate plants resistant to insects and...