Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth hormone that plays a key role in many physiological and developmental processes in plant cells. The present investigation examines differential gene expression in Vicia villosa under ABA treatment using differential display technique, in an attempt to identify stress genes whose expression is regulated by ABA and define their function. The results of the database sequence alignment identified 7 fragment sequences: At NADH dehydrogenase; Mt zinc finger CCHC type; Mt, Phaseolus vulgaris, Glycine max NBS-LRR plant resistance, Psychrobacter sp. arginine...
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth hormone that plays a key role in many physiological and developmental processes in plant cells. The present inve...
The PID controllers are the most commonly used controller structures in industry. The main challenge is in the aspect of tuning of the gains. There are several traditional techniques introduced by Ziegler and Nichols but it is inefficient. In this thesis, it is proposed that the PID controller tuned based on the Artificial Intelligence techniques (the GAs, the Improved GAs and finally the PSO). Then applied all techniques to different applications (DC-Motor and AVR System), from the results the techniques based on Artificial intelligence are better than traditional techniques.
The PID controllers are the most commonly used controller structures in industry. The main challenge is in the aspect of tuning of the gains. There ar...
