Markers produced by cancers include enzymes and isoenzymes, hormones, oncofetal antigens, carbohydrate epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies, receptors, and oncogene products. Enzymes were of the first groups of tumor markers identified. Their elevated activities were used to indicate the presence of cancer. Hormones as tumor markers were used for the detection and monitoring of cancer. Oncofetal antigens were discovered using conventional antisera produced against fluids from cancer - bearing animals or extracts of cancer tissues . The development of monoclonal antibody techniques...

This book This book deals with the different types of technology and development in Iraq and the world. It deals with the updated concepts, such as key issues and challenges facing technology and sector such as strategy adopted leading indicators and achievement, supervision, training and, planning and administration. It also looks at the technology that deals with frontier sciences and scientific research. The book exposes the traditional functions of technology, such as; transfer of heritage. The inventory of the goals of technology in strengthening the economic feasibility as political...