Information systems are essentially machines that help people communicate by offering them predefined patterns of words and phrases that can be efficiently entered, stored, processed, and read. Creating fixed language patterns, or 'freezing language', is both a necessity and a risk: natural language is by nature quite adaptive in the way it is used, and freezing language reduces that flexibility. This doctoral research concerns a theoretical account of the advantages and risks of freezing language. It also provides a practical analytical method for surveying, understanding and improving the...