Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2014 in the subject Medicine - Biomedical Engineering, grade: Excellent "cum laude,," language: English, abstract: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become in many surgical specialties and procedures the gold-standard choice due to its efficiency and benefits towards patient safety. However, the introduction of laparoscopic surgery has led to the need of developing new surgical skills different to those required for open surgery, with a significant learning curve to perform a safe laparoscopic surgery. Traditional subjective assessment methods...