The medicinal/ organic chemist may create the candidate compound (sometimes referred to as a new chemical entity, NCE), it is the pharmacologist who is responsible for testing it for pharmacological activity. Ultimately will lead to the discovery of novel drug targets for therapeutic intervention in diseases where distal steps in signal transduction have gone awry. Pharmacology studies the effects of drugs and how they exert their effects. Aspirin can reduce inflammation, pain and fever inhibit the action of a human cell membrane enzyme known as cyclooxygenase, which is responsible for the...

Rolipram is a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE 4) inhibitor. It is being researched as a possible alternative to current antidepressants (Washtel, 1983; Bobon et al., 1988). Recent studies show that rolipram may have antipsychotic effects (Maxwell et al.,2004; Kanes et al., 2006).There is a conflicting data about the role of nitric oxide (NO) in arthritic diseases. In the present work, we examined whether the suppression of NO production by L- NG - monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), a non-selective NOS inhibitor or addition of exogenous NO by administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) can modify the...

DMSO is also widely utilized in the storage of human and animal cell lines and bacteriophage, as a cryoprotective agent.Previous studies reported that DMSO reduces inflammation by several mechanisms. It is an antioxidant, a scavenger of the free radicals that gather at the site of injury. The present work aims at investigation of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of DMSO in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Moreover, histopathology for the scarified joints after administration of oral DMSO to adjuvant arthritic rats was examined.

Arginase (AR)enzyme is implicated in many studies in pathogenesis of IBD.E-selectin , an adhesion molecule, plays an important role in migration of leucocytes into the colonic mucosa.Many studies have gone on to suggest that vitamin D deficiency is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of IBD.The aim of the present work is to investigate the possible correlation between serum levels of vitamin D, the adhesion molecule E-selectin and the enzyme arginase in UC diagnosed cases.

The present work investigates the effect of rats pretreatment with the purinergic agonists ADO, 2-CADO, CPA and CPCA on the forebrain levels of the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA in rats after PTZ challenge. In a trial to correlates cardiovascular effects with the neuromodulatory effects of the aforementioned agonists , the CVS effects of these agonists in addition to determination of their TD50 before and after PTZ- induced seizures were also investigated.

The characteristic pathologic feature of UC is infiltration of the intestine by mononuclear cells, predominantly lymphocytes. Current research is directed to Vitamin D and its role in the disease activity in patients with IBD. The aim of the present study is to investigate the serum level of vitamin D and other biomarkers e.g. adhesion molecules in patients diagnosed with UC and determining the statistical correlation of these molecules with each other and ultimately with endoscopic severity of UC.

Many studies have gone on to suggest that vitamin D deficiency is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Adhesion molecules e.g. intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), represent a promising therapeutic targets for human inflammatory diseases, including UC. The aim of the present work is to investigate the possible correlation between serum levels of vitamin D, the adhesion molecule ICAM in diagnosed cases of UC.