Heavy metals are found abundant in the water sources due to the rapid industrial and agricultural development together with the population growth. Metals from polluted water bodies can then enter into the surrounding soil, surface water, and groundwater. Polluted water when consumed by living organisms, the toxic heavy metals can accumulate and cause harm. It is important to remove heavy metals from industrial sources before they enter into the environment. Conventional treatment processes for removal of heavy metals are either very expensive, generation of large volume of chemical sludge and...

Radioactivity is related to energy that is released from radionuclides in the form of radiation. Ionizing radiation is produced as electromagnetic rays. These radiations are the cause of genetic, reproductive and cancerous effects in the living organisms.Because of the potential for radiation contamination in the food web to badly influence human and ecological well-being, and also the interest to understand the comparative influences of local and worldwide sources to present and upcoming radionuclide concentrations, many scientific efforts have been started to characterize radionuclides in...