Anterior teeth retraction is particularly an interesting aspect of orthodontic treatment with respect to the principles of biomechanics due to the large movement distances involved. There are many techniques utilized for orthodontic space closure, yet little attention has been devoted to the biomechanical principles of space closure. Orthodontic space closure should be individually tailored based on the diagnosis and treatment plane. The selection of any treatment involving any technique, stage, spring, or appliance design, should be based on the desired tooth movement. Consideration of the...

There was a time that everyone trembled at the thought of having to get braces. The minute a dentist recommended seeing an orthodontist, the words "metal mouth," "tin teeth" and other unattractive adjectives ran through people's heads. Today, with the new technologies available, people of all ages are choosing orthodontic treatment to achieve a beautiful, healthy smile. New bracket designs are continually being introduced to entice orthodontists, each promising increased control, easy placement, and an aid to finishing.