In this book, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of vertical root fractures (VRFs) associated with endodontically treated teeth, which may be associated with management difficulties and, potentially, severe damage to the supporting bone. A helpful categorization of the various tooth and root fractures is presented and etiological factors are identified, with discussion of anatomical and biomechanical aspects and the dynamics of root fracture. The clinical and radiographic features of VRFs are described and illustrated in detail in order to help the clinician to achieve accurate...

In this book, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of vertical root fractures (VRFs) in endodontically treated teeth, which may be associated with potentially severe damage to the supporting bone.